卫星授时与时间传递技术进展

近年来,卫星导航技术发展迅速.卫星导航系统以精密时间测量技术为基础,实现了伪距测量,进而实现定位.同时,卫星导航系统还提供了高精度授时功能.综述了卫星导航系统的授时和时间频率传递技术、基于通信卫星的授时技术以及双向卫星时间频率传递(TWSTFT)技术等.随着我国北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的建成和提供服务,BDS授时应用研究正在快速发展.基于BDS/GNSS多系统的精密单点定位(PPP)时间传递技术已成为重点研究方向,未来将会应用于国际时间比对.同时,随着卫星通信技术尤其是低轨通信卫星技术的快速发展,低轨通信卫星授时会成为一个有潜力的研究方向.     

一种顾及轨道误差的实时GPS钟差估计方法

为了提高实时卫星钟差估计的精度和稳定性，提出了一种顾及轨道误差的实时GPS钟差估计方法。基于超快速轨道产品，分析了轨道标准差与绝对轨道误差的相关性。通过线性插值获得实时轨道误差信息，以优化先验残差的随机模型。基于先验轨道标准差阈值，采用分段方式剔除实时轨道异常卫星对应的观测值。实验结果表明：轨道标准差和轨道误差的相关性高达0.82。与常用的高度角相关的随机模型相比，GPS卫星钟差估计精度最大提高了15.2%，平均提高了8.1%，钟差误差的时间序列更加平稳，所有GPS卫星的平均钟差STD均在0.15ns以内。因此，超快速轨道产品中提供的轨道标准差与绝对轨道误差表现出较强相关。采用顾及轨道误差的实时钟差估计方法可提高GPS卫星钟差估计精度，准确识别并剔除GPS实时轨道异常的卫星，从而提高GPS实时钟差估计的稳定性。     

Ionospheric storm due to solar Coronal mass ejection in September 2017 over the Brazilian and African longitudes

Coronal mass ejection (CME) occurs when there is an abrupt release of a large amount of solar plasma, and this cloud of plasma released by the Sun has an intrinsic magnetic field. In addition, CMEs often follow solar flares (SF). The CME cloud travels outward from the Sun to the interplanetary medium and eventually hits the Earth’s system. One of the most significant aspects of space weather is the ionospheric response due to SF or CME. The direction of the interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind speed, and the number of particles are relevant parameters of the CME when it hits the Earth’s system. A geomagnetic storm is most geo-efficient when the plasma cloud has an interplanetary magnetic field southward and it is accompanied by an increase in the solar wind speed and particle number density. We investigated the ionospheric response (F-region) in the Brazilian and African sectors during a geomagnetic storm event on September 07–10, 2017, using magnetometer and GPS-TEC networks data. Positive ionospheric disturbances are observed in the VTEC during the disturbed period (September 07–08, 2017) over the Brazilian and African sectors. Also, two latitudinal chains of GPS-TEC stations from the equatorial region to low latitudes in the East and West Brazilian sectors and another chain in the East African sector are used to investigate the storm time behavior of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). We noted that the EIA was disturbed in the American and African sectors during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm. Also, the Brazilian sector was more disturbed than the African sector.     

差分码偏差对PPP授时精度影响的研究

论文分析了不同机构差分码偏差(DCB)产品的天稳性.选取了2个外接氢原子钟的测站进行实验,以国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)发布的接收机钟差为参考值,分析了不同机构DCB产品对2个测站PPP授时精度的影响.实验结果表明:1)不同机构DCB产品的天稳性差异不大,中国科学院天稳性略优于德国宇航中心;2)2个测站使用不同机构的DCB产品估计钟差的均方差(RMS)和时间偏差(Bias)均优于0.4ns,其中中国科学院产品精度最高,RMS和Bias均优于0.2ns;德国宇航中心和欧洲定轨中心精度略差,但也能够达到亚纳秒级,可为下一步推广PPP授时应用提供一定的参考.     

北斗/GPS双频载波相位单点定位模型及精度分析

针对海洋工程实时米级绝对定位需求,利用双频伪距、载波相位观测量和同时估计接收机位置、接收机钟差和载波相位模糊度,构建了一种双频载波相位实时单点定位方法.亚太区域14个测站试验结果显示:北斗水平和高程定位RMS分别为1.33m和1.81m,GPS为0.60m和0.85m,北斗/GPS组合为0.56m和0.72m;船载动态试验结果显示:北斗水平和高程定位RMS分别为1.40m 和2.46m,GPS为0.69m 和0.90m,北斗/GPS组合为0.65m和0.83m.